![]() ![]() At the time, the term sangaku referred to various types of performance featuring acrobats, song and dance as well as comic sketches. One of the oldest forerunners of Noh and kyōgen is sangaku, which was introduced to Japan from China in the 8th century. ![]() When used alone, Noh refers to the historical genre of theatre that originated from sarugaku in the mid 14th century and continues to be performed today. Noh is a classical tradition that is highly valued by many today. The word Noh may be used alone or with gaku ( 楽 entertainment, music) to form the word nōgaku. The kanji for Noh ( 能) means "skill", "craft", or "talent", particularly in the field of performing arts in this context. ![]() History World's oldest Noh stage at Miyajima Karaori garment, Edo period, 18th century, bamboo and chrysanthemum design on red and white checkered ground Origins Having a strong emphasis on tradition rather than innovation, Noh is extremely codified and regulated by the iemoto system. Written in late middle Japanese, the text "vividly describes the ordinary people of the twelfth to sixteenth centuries". Emotions are primarily conveyed by stylized conventional gestures while the iconic masks represent the roles such as ghosts, women, deities, and demons. Noh integrates masks, costumes and various props in a dance-based performance, requiring highly trained actors and musicians. Noh is often based on tales from traditional literature with a supernatural being transformed into human form as a hero narrating a story. ![]() Optionally, the ritual performance Okina may be presented in the very beginning of nōgaku presentation. Traditionally, a full nōgaku program included several Noh plays with comedic kyōgen plays in between an abbreviated program of two Noh plays with one kyōgen piece has become common today. Although the terms Noh and nōgaku are sometimes used interchangeably, nōgaku encompasses both Noh and kyōgen. Developed by Kan'ami and his son Zeami, it is the oldest major theater art that is still regularly performed today. Noh ( 能, Nō, derived from the Sino-Japanese word for "skill" or "talent") is a major form of classical Japanese dance- drama that has been performed since the 14th century. ![]()
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